Relação entre estado nutricional materno e ganho ponderal de gestantes assistidas em rede pública de saúde

Abstract

Adequate weight gain during pregnancy is essential for the supply of energy and nutrients to the mother and child. Insufficient or excessive weight gain has a negative impact on maternal and fetal outcomes and therefore its monitoring is essential during prenatal care. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between maternal nutritional status and weight gain in users assisted in a public health network. Cross-sectional study, approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of the Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL) (Protocol No. 2,814,845), carried out in Basic Health Units (UBS) in Maceió - AL, in 2019. Data collection took place through interview with the use of a standardized questionnaire aimed at collecting socioeconomic and lifestyle data, and an anthropometric assessment was performed, such as measuring current weight, height, checking pre-gestational weight on the pregnant woman's card or self-report, calculating the Body Mass Index (BMI) and gestational weight gain, considering the cutoff points of Atalah et al., (1997) and the Institute Of Medicine (IOM) (2009). The data were processed using the Stata application, version 13.0, where Pearson's chisquare test was used for evaluation, and when the association was present, a post hoc analysis was performed, considering values of p < 0.05 as significant. A total of 99 women were evaluated, with a mean chronological age of 24.77 ± 6.38 years, in which 28.28% of the evaluated pregnant women had low weight BMI, 35.35% normal weight, 24.24% overweight and 12.12% obesity. When comparing the categorical variables of gestational weight gain and current BMI, it was possible to verify that there was a significant association between the low weight BMI variables with adequate, excessive and insufficient weight gains (X2 = 24.473; p = < 0, 01); Eutrophic BMI with excessive weight gain (X2 = 6.388; p = 0.041); Overweight BMI with adequate weight gain (X2 = 28.260; p = < 0.01) and obesity BMI with insufficient and excessive weight gain (X2 = 8.376; p = 0.008). Furthermore, the statistical differences were indicated through the post hoc between the same variables mentioned. Thus, in the present study there was a significant association between maternal nutritional status and gestational weight gain, where most women with low weight and normal weight gestational BMI had insufficient weight gain and pregnant women with overweight and obese BMI had frequencies of adequate and excessive weight gain. Most pregnant women using the public health network in Maceió showed inadequate weight gain, with insufficient weight being predominant, and less than half of the sample was composed of women with a normal weight gestational BMI, which is an important alert for health and dietary conditions. of these women in order to avoid the negative outcomes associated with inadequate weight gain.