Implementação de sistema de gerenciamento de resíduos químicos provenientes dos laboratórios de ensino do Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia da UFAL

Abstract

Actions for environmental preservation have been frequent, although there is still an inertia of educational institutions in relation to the treatment given to waste generated in experimental classes of undergraduate courses, such as the Chemistry courses at UFAL. The present work aimed at the implementation of a system for managing chemical wastes from experimental classes that take place in the teaching laboratories of the Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology of UFAL (IQB/UFAL). Initially, a bibliographic survey was carried out on the subject, focusing on management programs already successfully established in other higher education institutions. Then, flowcharts directed to the identified/labeled waste were elaborated. For unidentified passive waste, it was necessary to use analytical march strategies in order to unequivocally identify them for collection by the company responsible for collection at the university. A total of 142 wastes (solid and liquid) were found at the storage location, of which 56 were without identification/labeling and were submitted to the classic analytical tests for identification. The characterization of the wastes indicated that more than 60% of the wastes were organic (45% halogens and 24% peroxides) and the rest were aqueous. Of the water-soluble residues, 79% had acid characteristics and less than 5% had sulfides in their composition. These wastes were placed in plastic drums according to the classification established by the management system proposed by this work. A flowchart containing all the stages of a Waste Management System (WAMASY) was prepared to also include active waste. In addition, there was the elaboration of segregation models, model of script for experimental classes, standardized labels, risk maps and records of quantitative control of wastes. Given the above, it was possible to suggest a WAMASY directing some strategies to be adopted by professors, students and laboratory technicians, adapting, therefore, to Brazilian legislation and contributing to the fulfillment of the objective of sustainable development nº 12 of the United Nations Organization (SDG nº 12/UNO).