Positive Artificial Intelligence in Education (P-AIED): A Bibliometric Analysis

Abstract

The unprecedented global movement of school education to find technological and intelligent solutions to keep the learning ecosystem working was not enough to recover the impacts of COVID-19, not only due to learning- related challenges, but also due to the raise of negative emotions, such as frus- tration, anxiety, boredom, risk of burnout and the so-called “Covid fatigue”. Although this is not a new problem, it was deepened during the pandemic and we need to face old and new challenges in different ways. Despite focusing only on the inefficiencies of the learning system as well as in the hegemony of solutions to tackle the learning gap, we also need to shed light on the strengths and the positive aspects of the learning process to promote wellbe- ing. As highlighted by John Self, an intelligent tutoring system would behave as if it genuinely cared about the student’s success. This note from John Self shed the light on the importance and reflection of what success means and for whom. The goal of this study is to present a bibliometric survey about positive psychology and artificial intelligence in education, as the so-called Positive Artificial Intelligence in Education (P-AIED). The search string was performed in 2021 and the total number of studies gathered were 10777. After all the PRISMA steps, 256 studies were approved according to the inclusion criteria. The main conclusions were the high number of institutions and re- searchers with a related publication indicates a new trend for the community of AIED; the high number of collaboration from different countries indicates a possible global movement towards P-AIED; Positive Emotion and Engage- ment were the main Positive Psychology constructs identified in the studies; the lack of well-grounded theories of Positive Psychology indicates a great re- search opportunity; Positive Learning Analytics (P-LA), Positive Educational Data Mining (P-EDM) and Positive Intelligent Tutoring Systems (P-ITS) are three hot topics for P-AIED.