Análise epidemiológica das vias de parto no Brasil

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Childbirth was seen as a natural act, whose practice was typically guided by female midwives in environments familiar to pregnant women and with the least possible interference in the parturient's body. However, hospitalization and greater mastery of techniques have expanded the possibilities of intervention, with one of its results being the progressive increase in unnecessary cesarean sections. In the case of Brazil, from the 1990s onwards, it was observed that the frequency of cesarean sections has been showing an increasingly high proportion. It was in 2009 that its value surpassed the rate of normal births in the country. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemiological profile of the types of deliveries that occurred in Brazil in the period from 2011 to 2020. METHODS: The study was based on an exploratory analysis with a quantitative approach of data collected from the database in the Information System on Live Births (SINASC), from the Ministry of Health, referring to all births registered in the period from 2011 to 2020 in Brazil. RESULTS: The prevalence of cesarean deliveries occurred in the group of white women, with a higher level of education, age >30 years, living in regions with better socioeconomic development, who had more than 6 prenatal consultations and with a history of previous cesarean section. CONCLUSION: the study showed that there are several factors that influence decision-making about the mode of delivery, and that these factors are mostly associated with sociodemographic and cultural issues of the pregnant woman and the health service that attends them, rather than clinical reasons.